Addison's Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Addison's Disease - Essay Example Autoimmunity remains the central reason for Addison’s ailment in Europe and in Africa, despite the fact that the occurrence rates in Africa are similarly low. The key immunological finding in many patients is the nearness of autoantibodies against cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase, a basic compound in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroid hormones. Deficient measures of adrenal hormones present side effects, for example, hypoglycemia, weakness, regurgitating, and hyperpigmentation among numerous others. A cautious assessment of morning cortisol levels and measures of ACH help in giving right determination for patients with Addison’s malady. The main treatment accessible is substitution treatment utilizing manufactured glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Notwithstanding, it is crucial that analysis is made early enough to guarantee that the patients start treatment on schedule and appreciate profitable lives. Catchphrases: Addison’s ailment; Adrenal deficiency; Aut oimmunity Introduction Addison’s malady is an endocrine and immunological issue that prompts adrenal inadequacy. The pituitary organ secretes overabundance adrenocorticotropic hormone to compensate for the decreased measure of cortisol in the adrenal organs (Burk et al. 215). Immune system Addison’s sickness happens because of adrenal insufficiency as a result of insusceptible interceded devastation of the adrenal cortex (Rottembourg et al. 309). In 1849, Dr. Addison showed a type of weakness that had been neglected. This sickness was basic in men between the ages of 20 and 60. It was portrayed by a moderate beginning and took a little while or even a long time to show disturbing manifestations, for example, tremendous weariness, pallor, and mental and physical debilitation (Bishop 35). An after death of three cases uncovered an unhealthy state of the suprarenal containers, which Dr. Addison accepted was not a luck. He, accordingly, concluded that the suprarenal cases were by implication or in a roundabout way associated with the occasions that prompted the unhealthy condition. In 1855, Dr. Addison distributed a monograph tending to the results of infection on the suprarenal containers. It looked to build up the real capacities and effect of these cells. The monograph related the likenesses of the renal suprarenal cases with the spleen, thyroid body, and thymus to the frivolity of blood (Bishop 36). He further depicted the movement and key side effects of the issue and clarifies that all cases resisted corrective undertakings and finished mortally. It is important that during that time the elements of the supra-renal containers were obscure. Later on in 1856, Trousseau called the condition â€Å"La Maladie d’ Addison† (Bishop 37). Charles Edouard Brown-Sequard gathered various hares, felines, and hounds and denied them of their adrenals. He believed that in the event that the creatures did, at that point they would have passed on du e to Addison’s infection. A pressor substance was found in the adrenal medulla in 1894 after which Takamine and Aldrich independently detached the crystalline type of adrenaline in 1091. Having been orchestrated in 1904, adrenaline turned into the principal hormone to be disconnected synthetically, described, and integrated (Bishop 38). It was then found that cortical concentrates contained substances that saved life. The clinical disorder as portrayed by Dr. Addison was later called Addison’s ailment following his connection of adrenal inadequacy to the side effects. Addison’s sickness is pervasive in Western nations contrasted with African nations as built up by Ross et al. during an accomplice investigation of South Africans (292). Etiology There are a few reasons for Addison’s ailment, for example, defaced steroidogenesis, adrenal dysgenesis, and sicknesses that lead to the demolition of the adrenal cells (Burk et al. 215). Immune system annihilation of t

The American Civil War essays

The American Civil War papers The American Civil War was a military clash between the United States of America (the Union), and 11 secessionist Southern states, composed as the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). It was the perfection of four many years of extraordinary sectional clash and it reflected profound situated financial, social, and political contrasts between the North and the South. One of the significant reasons for the Civil War was the apparently interminable political arguments about subjection in the Mexican Cession and Louisiana Purchase regions. It was basic that the Democratic and Whig political pioneers keep up agreement between their Southern and Northern supporters, in this manner, the foundation of both during presidential decisions like that of 1848 attempted to maintain a strategic distance from that specific bondage question. Be that as it may, the augmentation of servitude into the new regions was probably the biggest issue of the time, and with developing restriction from the North, avoidance of it turned out to be progressively troublesome. Another noteworthy reason for the war was the development of various reactions to abolitionist practices, for example, the Underground Railroad and responses to out of control slaves and the Fugitive Slave laws that prodded from all segments of the nation. At last, there was the monetary trouble factor, of both remote and local roots, that included everything from taxes to the money related accident of 1857. These thus caused sectional disagreements regarding the utilization of the national governments open grounds. In mid 1848, when gold was found in California, a crowd of globe-trotters filled the valleys. Free-soilers and slaveryites contended over the proposed issue of subjugation in the regions, and hence, regardless of whether the landscape itself was reasonable for a slave economy. In Congress on August 8, 1846, Pennsylvania Representative David Wilmot moved a correction: that, as an express and essential state of the obtaining of any domain f... <! The American Civil War articles The American common war was unavoidable Common War: In U.S. history, the contention (186165) between the Northern expresses (the Union) and the Southern states that withdrew from the Union and framed the Confederacy. It is commonly referred to in the South as the War between the States and is likewise called the War of the Rebellion (the official Union assignment), the War of Secession, and the War for Southern Independence. It has been portrayed, in the expressions of William H. Seward, as the powerful clash. In another judgment the Civil War was seen as criminally moronic, a superfluous phlebotomy welcomed on by presumptuous radicals and botching legislators. The two perspectives acknowledge the way that in 1861 there existed a circumstance that, properly or wrongly, had gotten to the meaningful part that couldn't have been comprehended by peacfull implies. The American common war was unavoidable for some reasons. There were significant contradictions about different subjects and one of the greatest clash causes was bondage. The issues began in January 1861 when Abraham Lincoln was chosen president. He was known to protest bondage thus South Carolina who endorsed of the utilization of slaves, took steps to evacuate the state out of the United conditions of America. South Carolina pulled out and after it followed 10 additional states, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. These states turned into the confederates. Despite the fact that moves were made just when president Lincoln was chosen president, the war was additionally unavoidable in view of the huge measure of individuals who restricted bondage. These individuals wouldnt have recently watched nearby as the utilization of slaves proceeded thus the appointment of Abraham Lincoln was only a push nearer to the common war. In February The south(they endorsed of subjection) framed their own legislature and they made a report called The Confederate Constitution. It was a lot of like th e... <!

Term Paper Writing Service

Term Paper Writing ServiceA university writing service can be very helpful when you need help with your term paper. It's not uncommon for many students to struggle with this type of paper throughout their academic career. This can lead to people feeling confused, discouraged and even frustrated by the paper. There are steps you can take to ensure you're able to write a great term paper without having to deal with it during your other projects or studies.With term paper writing, you'll need to keep the following things in mind. You should plan what you're going to write before you get started on it. Use your first draft to brainstorm different topics and write down some of the most interesting or applicable examples you can find. This is the basis for all of your other drafts.Once you have these brainstormed ideas, think about the potential reasons why the topic should be on the paper. What are your strongest points? How can they apply to the paper? You should make sure to draw attent ion to your strengths, so that they are reflected in the paper. When the topic is appropriate, you can then decide how much information is too much for you to include.Begin by outlining your writing. Divide the paper into several sections. You can start with a general outline, and then write a sub-topic or a summary of that. Write out a short paragraph explaining the broad outlines of each section before you move to the next one. It's important to make sure that you continue to organize the paragraphs so you don't lose sight of the main ideas.Then it's time to get into the meat of the paper. Keep in mind that you will probably run out of time so don't get carried away. To give yourself time to finish your writing, you may need to take breaks from the project every once ina while. It's a good idea to ensure that you get enough sleep each night, as well as go about your other duties. Your mind won't be running wild unless you allow it to.Getting help from a university writing service can really help you with a term paper. They will write the paper for you and include all of the pertinent information you'll need. It's important to consider this option, because it's easier than you might think and can save you a lot of time and effort.There are many different services that offer term paper writing services, so make sure to look around and compare the rates and services provided. You should know that a competitive rate will make a big difference in your final results. Don't just settle for anything, especially if you can save time, money and effort in the process.A term paper writing service can make it much easier for you to write a term paper. Allowing you to sit down and focus on the task at hand, rather than getting distracted by what's going on around you. It's important to keep all of these steps in mind before starting a term paper.

What Exactly Is Behavioral Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1164 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Traditional economics describes human beings as rational decision makers , but it has been observed that investor do not always act rationally. Behavioural finance is the study of the influence of psychology on the behaviour of financial practitioners and the subsequent effect on markets. Behavioural finance is of interest because it helps explain why and how markets might be inefficient (Sewell, 2001). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Exactly Is Behavioral Finance Essay" essay for you Create order SEWELL, Martin, 2001. Behavioural finance. https://www.behaviouralfinance.net/ . Behavioral finance in recent times become a issue of significant interest to investors because it is a relatively new and evolving field in economics and consequently not well defined, a legitimate question is: What exactly is behavioral finance? but it is Described in various ways i.e. Behavioral finance is the integration of classical economics and finance with psychology and the decision-making sciences or an attempt to explain what causes some of the anomalies that have been observed and reported in the finance literature or the study of how investors systematically make errors in judgement, or mental mistakes. All economic models make simplifying assumptions about both market conditions and the behavior of market participants. Sometimes the simplifying assumptions underlying the model are explicitly stated and sometimes the assumptions are implicit, the latter is often the case reg arding the behavioral assumptions underlying the model. To illustrate, consider the efficient market hypothesis (EMH), an economic model of considerable importance to investors. The simplifying assumptions regarding market conditions that underlie the EMH frequently include, among others, assumptions such as: Transaction costs are zero, Markets are not segmented, Easy (even unlimited) entry into the security markets exists. The behavioral assumptions that underlie the Efficient Market Hypothesis can be expressed as: Investors act, in an unbiased fashion, to maximize the value of their portfolios, Investors always act in their own self-interest. The first behavioral assumption is frequently stated as investors are rational expectations wealth maximizers this means that investors form unbiased expectations of the future and given these expectations, they buy and sell in the securities markets at prices which they believe will maximize the future value of their portfolio s. Behavioral finance questions whether the behavioral assumptions underlying the EMH are true. For example, consider the assumption that individuals always act in their economic self-interest. Suppose you are having dinner at an out-of-town restaurant and it is extremely unlikely that you will ever return to this restaurant. Do you leave a tip? Most people do, but in this case leaving a tip decreases, rather than increases ones wealth, and because you wont be returning to this restaurant there are (presumably) no costs associated with not leaving a tip. In this case leaving a tip violates the rational expectations and self-interest assumptions. More germane to the EMH, consider social investing such as arbitrarily deciding not to invest in tobacco stocks or deciding to overweight environmentally clean industries, etc. Such behavior is not consistent with pure wealth maximization, if for no other reason than opportunities for forming better-diversified portfolios are foregone. Why investors might engage in non-wealth maximizing behavior, and what are the implications of such behavior for security pricing, are areas of inquiry in behavioral finance. Another aspect of behavioral finance concerns how investors form expectations regarding the future and how these expectations are transformed into security prices. Researchers in cognitive psychology and the decision sciences have documented that, under certain conditions, people systematically make errors in judgement or mental mistakes. These mental mistakes can cause investors to form biased expectations regarding the future that, in turn, can cause securities to be mispriced. By considering that investors may not always act in a wealth maximizing manner and that investors may have biased expectations, behavioral finance may be able to explain some of the anomalies to the EMH that have been reported in the finance literature.Anomalous returns such as those associated with value stock s, earnings surprises etc Cognitive psychologists have documented many patterns regarding how people behave. Some of these patterns are as follows: Heuristics Heuristics, or rules of thumb, make decision-making easier. But they can sometimes lead to biases, especially when things change. These can lead to suboptimal investment decisions. When faced with N choices for how to invest retirement money, many people allocate using the 1/N rule. If there are three funds, one-third goes into each. If two are stock funds, two-thirds goes into equities. If one of the three is a stock fund, one-third goes into equities. (Benartzi and Thaler, 2001) Overconfidence People are overconfident about their abilities. Entrepreneurs are especially likely to be overconfident. Overconfidence manifests itself in a number of ways. One example is too little diversification, because of a tendency to invest too much in what one is familiar with. Thus, people invest in local companies, even though this is bad from a diversification viewpoint because their real estate (the house they own) is tied to the companys fortunes. Think of auto industry employees in Detroit, construction industry employees in Hong Kong or Tokyo, or computer hardware engineers in Silicon Valley. People invest way too much in the stock of the company that they work for. Men tend to be more overconfident than women. This manifests itself in many ways, including trading behavior. According to Barber and Odean they analyzed the trading activities ofpeople with discount brokerage accounts. They found that the more people traded, the worse they did, on average. And men traded more, and did worse than, women investors. Mental Accounting People sometimes separate decisions that should, in principle, be combined. For example, many people have a household budget for food, and a household budget for entertaining. At home, where the food budget is present, they will not eat lobster or shrimp because they are much more expensive than a fish casserole. But in a restaurant, they will order lobster and shrimp even though the cost is much higher than a simple fish dinner. If they instead ate lobster and shrimp at home, and the simple fish in a restaurant, they could save money. But because they are thinking separately about restaurant meals and food at home, they choose to limit their food at home. Framing Framing is the notion that how a concept is presented to individuals matters. For example, restaurants may advertise early-bird specials or after-theatre discounts, but they never use peak-period surcharges. They get more business if people feel they are getting a discount at off-peak times rather than paying a surcharge at peak periods, even if the prices are identical. Cognitive psychologists have documented that doctors make different recommendations if they see evidence that is presented as survival probabilities rather than mortality rates, even though survival probabilities plus mortality rates add up to 100%. Representativeness People underweight long-term averages. People tend to put too much weight on recent experience. This is sometimes known as the law of small numbers. As an example, when equity returns have been high for many years (such as 1982-2000 in the U.S. and western Europe), many people begin to believe that high equity returns are normal.

Politics and International Relations THe Arab Purisings

I was fifteen when talks regarding Arab Uprisings began to permeate the air, the internet went explosive but I barely managed to wrap my hand around it. It is true that choice of my A’ level subjects that urged me to commit my pursue in Politics and International Relations. Taking up History and Sociology has improved my writing and argumentative skills especially being diplomatic in my writings, considering both sides to an argument and be critical- minded to voice out criticisms and theories that I uphold. Studying Geography was very fulfilling and enriching, I have obtained a substantial understanding on the global trends and policies initiated by concerned parties such as government, NGOs and international organisations. I was particularly fond with the human core topics, for instance, Migration, Urbanisation, Population, Settlement, Tourism and Energy. Taking this course would also require me a vigorous research and analysis skills. ‘A History of Modern Europe’ (H.L. Peacock) and ‘Aspects of European History’ (Stephen J. Lee) which focus on the events dating back from 1789 to 1981 have. This has greatly helped me to comprehend the intricate nature of diplomacy between countries which can still be traced today. Furthermore, I have visited several key government bodies across the country including the High Court, Legislative Council and Third Battalion of Royal Brunei Land Force in order to understand how law, politics and military operate in Brunei. I am also aware

John Bowlby - 1253 Words

In the introduction to one of his many books, John Bowlby quotes Graham Greene; ‘Unhappiness in a child accumulates because he sees no end to the dark tunnel. The thirteen weeks of a term may just as well be thirteen years.’ It is quite clear that John’s childhood was not a happy one. He experienced many years of separation from family and it can be connected as to why he developed the theory of attachment. Edward John Mostyn Bowlby, known as John Bowlby, was born in 1907 in London as the fourth of six children. His parents were Sir Anthony Bowlby and Lady May Bowlby. John Bowlby was from an upper class wealthy family. They raised their children to be strong with strict discipline. Showing signs of affections or emotions†¦show more content†¦His new theory stated that infants are social from a very young age, 6 months to less than two years old. The infants become focused on a particular individual or a few individuals. Bowlbys aim was to discover the consequences of difficulties in forming attachments in childhood, and the effects this would have on an infants later development. He came up with the idea that infants develop a close emotional bond with an attachment figure early in life, and that the success or failure of this earliest of relationships lead the infant to form a mental representation that would have profound effects on their later relationships and t heir own success as a parent (Attachment Theory, 2011). Although Bowlby was raised in a traditional way for upper class people one could come to the conclusion that the lack of relationships can be damaging. His theory emphasizes the importance of the mother and infant bond. Bowlby’s relationship with his own mother seemed to be negative. When he did have an interaction with her, it was in short periods of time. The only relationship he had with his mother was, therefore, negative. He received no attention or affection from his mother. He also never received attention from his father, who I think could be a figure in infant’s life if the mother is not there. This relationship was also negative. The upper class did not view affection in a positive light. As an infant John was never able to form this attachment toShow MoreRelatedJohn Bowlby : An Attachment Theory1830 Words   |  8 Pagessocial and emotional development. A child with secure attachment feels able to rely on their parents and caregivers for safety and comfort and uses these important attachment relationships as bases from which they explore and learn about the world. John Bowlby (1907-90) has made an attachment theory. He believed that relationships are a key to meeting the emotional needs of children. He has suggested that babies need a strong stable relationship with their main careers to be emotionally confident in theRead MoreLife and Work of John Bowlby2584 Words   |  11 PagesBowlby was born in London to an upper-middle-class family. He was the fourth of six children and was brought up by a nanny in the British fashion of his class at that time. His father, Sir Anthony Bowlby, first Baronet, was surgeon to the King s Household, with a tragic history: at age five, Sir Anthony s own father (John s grandfather) was killed while serving as a war correspondent in the Opium Wars. Normally, Bowlby saw his mother only one hour a day after teatime, though during the summerRead MoreJohn Bowlby and Maternal Deprivation Essay595 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Bowlby and Maternal Deprivation Bowlby believed that maternal behaviour was instinctive in humans as it appears to be in animals. Mothers and their babies form an instinctive attachment to each other using genetically inherited skills such as smiling, grasping, crying and so on. If a separation occurs between mother and infant within the first few years of the child’s life, Bowlby believed that the bond would be irreversibly broken, leading to severe emotionalRead MoreBiography Of Edward John Mostyn Bowlby1690 Words   |  7 Pages Edward John Mostyn Bowlby was born in February on the 26th in the year of 1907. Bowlby was one of six children all raised in a middle class family in London. He was the fourth of his six siblings, all children were raised by the family nanny. Bowlby only spend an hour a day with his mother and this was at tea time. During the summer Bowlby and his siblings got to see their mother more often as she was more available. His father was Sir Antony Bowlby he was the surgeon to the Kings household.Read MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1439 Words   |  6 Pagesabout John Bowlby and his theory of attachment plus criticisms and how these come into effect in practice and legislation. Edward John Mostyn Bowlby was born February 27th 1907 and died September 2nd 1990. He was born in London to a middle class family. He was mostly taken care of by his nanny because his parents believed that spending too much time with him could lead to him becoming a spoilt child. At age 7 he was sent to boarding school by his parents. After finishing boarding school Bowlby wentRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Work Of Attachment873 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Bowlby’s work in attachment has been one of the foundational works when determining the level of attachments and bonds that a child and parent may experience (Webb, 2011). According to Bowlby, â€Å"attachment† is referring to a lasting, mutual bond of affection that is dependent on an individual or more than one person (Webb, 2011). Establishing a secure attachment during infancy and early childhood is an important task of a parent or a caregiver. Not all parents or caregivers can provide theirRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachme nt Proposed By John Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth1177 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationships. In chapter 3, the theory of attachment proposed by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth is explored. First, Bowlby’s theory of attachment was influenced by the ethological theorist, Darwin, Lorenz, and Tinbergen, who were previously mentioned in the chapter. Bowlby emphasized that behaviors found in animals, such as seeking close proximity from mothers to reduce the chance of becoming a prey, can also be found in toddlers. For example, Bowlby defined that actions such as following, crying out, andRead MorePersonal Reflection : John Bowlby s Attachment Theory1527 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Reflection According to John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory, children come into the world â€Å"programed† to create attachments with others in order to help them survive. The attachment that is created during the infants first few days and week of life is extremely important. The attachment that is created early on in the life, can affect development through out ones life. During Anisworth’s research, she established several types of attachment styles. The securely attached child would be visiblyRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Influence On Children s Development840 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Bowlby’s work in attachment has been the foundation when determining the attcahments and bonds that a child and parent may experience (Webb, 2011). According to Bowlby, â€Å"attachment† is referring to a lasting, mutual bond of affection that is dependent on an individual or more than one person (Webb, 2011). Establishing a secure attachment during infancy and early childhood is an important task of a parent or a caregiver. Not all parents or caregivers can provide their child with a secure attachmentRead MoreJohn Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth s Attachment Theories1196 Words   |  5 Pages John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth s attachment theories derive from the idea that in early development infants develop different attachment behaviors in relation to their caregivers. This emotional bond between an infant and their parents can have an enduring impact on future relationships throughout an individual s life. Research has shown that there does not have to be a biological component for an infant to bond with a parent. Instead the bond or attachment is related to â€Å"quality and quantity†

Forensic Entomology Biology and Systematics

Question: Discuss about the Forensic Entomology for Biology and Systematics. Answer: Introduction: One of the highly abundant and diverse group that is present in every corner of the globe is the group of insect. They only absent in certain extreme condition like the North Pole, South Pole, ocean areas and certain mountain tops which are distant from the coast. Among the animal and plant species known three quarter portion is comprised insect, it is around 80 percent of the animal species (Patan et al., 2014). There are more than one million of species of insect present. The insect also have fundamental role in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Both the food chain and the food web are dominated by the volume and number of the insect present. Though this group shows different astonishing diversity of the niches, habitats, behaviors and life styles (Morales et al., 2016). The shape of the body of the insect is almost constant and their body structure can be described by the conserved parts of the body of the insect. The size of the insect has a significant variation. The length may range from 0.2-300 mm. The most distinguishable characteristic of the insect body is the segmentation of the body which includes the three parts head, thorax and abdomen (Chen et al., 2014). The recent studies shows that there are 4-6 million of insect species present in the world. These groups of organisms are successful due to the extreme richness, high biomass and abundance. The fundamental reason behind this is the metameric segmentation of the body of the insect and their appendixes. The tracheal system allows the insects to grow much more larger than that permissible by the diffusion alone (Laidlaw, 2014). At around 800000 times more oxygen is provided by the trachea which the process of simple diffusion cannot provide. The small size of the insects is very advantageous because it allows shorter generation time. Hence, in a very short period several generations can be executed. This makes the insects more prone to the process of mutation which ultimately produces more phenotypic and genotypic variation. Furthermore this supports the insects to inhabit in variety of microhabitats such as plant, soil, and animals. Consequently, the availability of the niches have increased. The huge array of the interaction based on the evolution among the insect and plants and to the other organisms, which contributes to the formation of the great diversification. The insects efficiency of perceiving the environment is more than any other group of the terrestrial invertebrates (Huang et al., 2013). This function is due to sophisticated sensory and neuromotor systems in insects. The light and resistant e xoskeleton of the insect makes the flight possible, which enhances their mobility for a more efficient search of new environments and food in different types of habitats . Furthermore, it assists the insects to escape from flightless predators, allows migration and egg dispersal, and also assist the search for mates. The place of the insects in the general Zoological Classification Animalia The multicellular motile organisms, responsive to the external environment and feeding by consuming other organisms or parts of them, digesting that food in an internal chamber; undergoing blastula embryonic development. Arthropoda All members of Animalia having jointed external skeletal cuticle and jointed locomotory legs. Insecta All members of the Arthropoda having (in general terms) three functional body regions, 2 pairs of wings and three pairs of jointed locomotory legs. Diptera All members of Insecta having only the front pair of wings functional as flight appendages, having the hind pair reduced to balancing-sensory organs called halteres. Larvae soft bodied. Calliphoridae Those Diptera having: a spoon-shaped lower calypter hypopleural setae present post-humeral seta placed lower relative to the horizontal plane than the per-suturalseta Calliphora those Calliphoridae having: * lower part of parafacial without long setae * stem vein not setulose on upper surface (i.e. it is bare) * lower calypter with fine setulae on upper surface * costa bare on under surface beyond the junction with R1 3 post-suturalacrostichal setae, 1 pre-sutural +2 post-sutural intra-alar setae first flagellomere2 times as long as pedicel costa setulose on under surface from base to junction with R1 vicina those members ofCalliphorahaving: both calypters dark brown, at most with white margin a yellow-brown basi-costa orange anterior spiracle anterior two-thirds of gena orange setulae of gena all black The insect have witnessed the rise and the falloff the dinosaurs. They have maintained their position in the ecological pre-eminence for over 400 million years and survived the four major cataclysms which have caused planet-wide extinctions (Dobzhansky, 2013).The insect also thrive continuously despite of the best efforts of eradication done by the humans. The unique combination of the characteristic which as a whole have given the insect the advantage and ability to survive several unusual environmental conditions are as follows: Factors Effects EXTERNAL EXOSKELETON or CUTICLE The waterproof and Tough cuticle assists in protecting the insects from dehydration and the predators. RAPID REPRODUCTION The Insects have a very high evolving rate and they also possess the ability to make quick adaptation in respect to the changing condition of the environment. FLIGHT The flight helps the insect to escape from the enemiesand predator; it also assists the insect in finding food source and new habitat rapidly, and in establishing new colonies. WING FOLDING PROTECTION The Insects can fold their wings back along their bodies protect it under hard covering known as elytra. This process has helped them to use microhabitats of varied range like the crevices and cracks in dead wood, under stones, or inside leaf litter. This also meansthat the insectcould hide from predators by the help of reduced surface area (Lowe et al., 2013). INSULATED CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The central nervous system insulation allows nerves to work proficiently. It permits the existence of the insect in hot or dry places. SIZE Small size permits adaptation to range of microhabitats for example a tree has provision for inhabiting variety of insect species. SHORT LIFE CYCLE This characteristic of the insect allows execution of new generations within a specific time for the evolution and selection to take place. VARIATION IN THE LIFE STYLE OF DIFFERENT STAGES Variation in different stages of life cycle of an insect (e.g. caterpillar to butterfly) decreases competition for resources within the species (Pieterse et al., 2012). SENSORY SOPHISTICATION The sensory capability of insect is superior to most other organisms. EVOLUTIONARY INTERACTIONS The interactions with other organisms leads to greater speciation and specialization and is also called as co-evolution ADAPTATION OF APPENDAGES Appendages such as wings, mouthparts and legs have become extremely specialized over time. Reference Chen, Y., Why, A., Batista, G., Mafra-Neto, A., Keogh, E. (2014).Flying insect classification with inexpensive sensors.Journal of insect behavior, 27(5), 657-677. Dobzhansky, T. (2013). Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. The american biology teacher, 75(2), 87-91. Huang, M., Wan, X., Zhang, M., Zhu, Q. (2013). Detection of insect-damaged vegetable soybeans using hyperspectral transmittance image. Journal of Food Engineering, 116(1), 45-49. Laidlaw, P. P. (2014). Virus diseases and viruses.Cambridge University Press. Lowe, T., Garwood, R. J., Simonsen, T. J., Bradley, R. S., Withers, P. J. (2013). Metamorphosis revealed: time-lapse three-dimensional imaging inside a living chrysalis. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 10(84), 20130304. Morales, M. G., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y., Hardy, N. B. (2016). ScaleNet: A Literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database, 2016, bav118. Patan, L., Hellbach, S., Krause, A. F., Arena, P., Drr, V. (2014). An insect-inspired bionic sensor for tactile localization and material classification with state-dependent modulation.Active Touch Sensing, 139. Pieterse, C. M., Van der Does, D., Zamioudis, C., Leon-Reyes, A., Van Wees, S. C. (2012).Hormonal modulation of plant immunity.Annual review of cell and developmental biology, 28, 489-521.

A Rat in A Trap essays

A Rat in A Trap essays A small two-room mud hut, squatting in between two farmhouses with sheep penned nearby, was shrouded in darkness. A darkness brought forth by an unexpected power outage. A darkness enhanced even more so by the moonless night that enshrouded the small dwelling. A sheeps call broke the silence as soldiers equipped with night vision goggles converged on the hut. One room, which appeared to have served as a bedroom, held two beds, some books, a heater, a refrigerator, and some clothes. The bed was crumpled, and there was a fresh, clean pair of boxer shorts, unused and still new. The other room was a crude kitchen with a sink, medicine, Mars bars, a flashlight, a cup, and some rotting bananas. The place looked a mess, not the conditions one would expect to find the Iraqi leader to be living in. Yet, outside the rooms, the soldiers searched the miniature courtyard. Pulling back a rug they found an eight-inch thick piece of Styrofoam with rope handles plugging a hole. It was the d iscovery of the contents of this hole that led to celebration around the world. At six feet long, two feet across, and three feet high, the hole was barely big enough for Saddam Hussein to lie in. He was armed with a pistol, but showed no resistance during his capture. Caught like a rat in a trap, Saddam came out with hands up. Soldiers found two AK 47 rifles, $750,000 in $100 denominations, and a white and orange taxi during the raid. The raid would be the turning point of the war, which had sparked much debate amongst politicians, the press, and people around the world. In Just War or a Just War? by former President Jimmy Carter, he discusses whether the war with Iraq meets with the principles of a just war (259). Elie Wiesels Peace Isnt Possible in Evils Face talks about how he is in favor of intervention when, as in this case because of Husseins equivocations and procrastinations, no ot...

Sweet Hereafter essays

Sweet Hereafter essays In the Sweet Hereafter, Dolores Driscoll is a school bus driver who is responsible for the death of fourteen innocent children. It was a normal day for Dolores, except for the fact that when she was driving the children to school she happens to see something in the road. Dolores is not exactly sure of what it is but she says "It was like a ghost of a dog I saw, a reddish-brown blur, much smaller than a deer...(Banks 1)." When she sees this animal like figure Dolores swerves to a side of the road. In doing so she drives the bus into a ditch and fourteen children die instantly when they hit the icy water. The books The Elements of a Moral Philosophy, and The Right Thing to Do play an integral role in depicting the ethical issues that justify Dolores' gilt. The guilt of Dolores Driscoll can be justified under Gilligan's implications for ethics of care theory, Kant's idea of human dignity, and Bentham's' principle of utility. Dolores Driscoll's guilt can be justified through Gilligan's Implications for Ethical Theory. According to Gilligan the implication for ethics of care theory states, " women's ethical role in life is dominated by care and love (EMP 171)." Implying that it was in Dolores' nature to try and save the children on the bus because it was her duty as a bus driver to insure the safety of the children. In the story Dolores speaks of the children as if she has a relationship with them on a personal level. She definitely knows the parents of the children and thinks and informs the reader about all the setbacks and personal information about them. Since Dolores had a relationship with the families of the children and the children she was driving to school the ethics of care applies because one must have a relationship with the individuals involved to use the ethics of care as sound reason. "The ethics of care confirms the priority that we naturally give to our family and friends... (EMP 168 ). Dolores considered the childre...

Technology Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Technology Management - Essay Example In current era of technology, an important asset of the organization is technology. Strategy and planning considerations are considered to include the technology. Company objectives have direct links with the technology resources achieved through communication. There is lack of an appropriate framework that supports the technology management in a customer service organization. Organizations do not give importance to strategic significance of technology to deliver the value and competitive advantages. If a firm has adopted the information technology implementation, then at execution and controlling stages communication issues among the project participants are produced. IT project has various challenges for project managers that differ substantially from features of the non-ICT traditional assignments. Continuous advancement in technology where IT project operates has led the organization towards the considerable uncertainty and risk. Changing requirements and scope of the business firm produces the high level risk for the firm’s management (Fenech and Raffaele, 2013). In a firm, collaboration culture is not embedded with the empowerment of employees to use the advanced technology tools including the social networks, participation in a network and knowledge sharing. Employees do not post their ideas and avoid the information sharing due to lack of encouragement for technology use in the organization. Workers in the firm do not have the exclusive rights to their firm’s knowledge. Knowledge is only accumulated at top level in the firms and low level employees or workers are kept away from knowledge accumulation. A class of employees known as clerical workers who support their managers do not access the document management, emails, workflows and related activities through the software. Employees’ performance in the firm is linked associated with the technology change.

The British and Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The British and Global Economy - Essay Example Britain and International Financial Institutions Britain, Japan, China, Saudi Arabia, Germany, Russia, France and the United States hold permanent positions on the executive board of the IMF. The remaining sixteen directors are elected from other groups of countries. Even with equal representation on IMF board, Britain exercises global economic influence via its membership with the IMF, the World Bank, Commonwealth of Nations, the World Trade Organization, the United Nations, the G20, the G8, the G7, the OECD, and the European Union. The IMF and the World Bank, collectively referred to as International Financial Institutions (IFIs), play a major role in globalization. The IFIs are designed to help control the global financial system and have enhanced economic integration of all countries in the world. These institutions provide financial and advisory assistance to countries in need of the support in their policymaking and economic development. Nonetheless, the IFIs have been attacked by critics over four interrelated aspects of the implementation of the IFIs’ strategy. ... financial crisis hit the old industries until the United Kingdom suspended the gold standard permanently and facilitated the conditions necessary for economic recovery. The global pre-war balance of power collapsed and the world war ensued. Britain and France were forced into action in 1941. The costs of Britain’s military action weakened further and lost its position to the United States as the global economic superpower. Nevertheless, Britain still plays a crucial role in the world economy. After the World War II, the British economy flourished for about twenty eight years (1945-1973) without a major recession. The economy also enjoyed a tremendous growth in prosperity especially in the late 1950s and early 1960s. This encompassed low rates of unemployment; less than 500, 000 unemployed until the late 1960s. According to the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), the British economic growth rate averaged 2.9 per cent during 1960-1973. The other Europe an nations: Italy, France, and West Germany, had a far much higher growth rate. Nevertheless, the British economy was hit again by the 1973 financial recession and the stock market crash. Britain experienced escalating unemployment rates. Moreover, the economy was blighted by over 20 per cent inflation after 1973. The British economic crisis persisted even after the global economy recession had ended. The inflation rate never went lower than 10 per cent. Being a permanent member of the IMF, Britain was forced to acquire a loan of 2.3 billion. The IMF achieves its goals through three main activities which are surveillance, financial and technical assistance. Financial assistance is the central activity undertaken by the IMF. Member states experiencing balance of payments problems can obtain

The Beauty and Complexity of Minimalism Essay Example for Free

The Beauty and Complexity of Minimalism Essay Today’s modern world is often complex, colorful, noisy and fast-paced. When I am engaged in art, I frequently look for works that allow me to escape from my hectic lifestyle. Clean lines and use of space appeal to my senses and calm me. Sometimes, what is not stated says more than what is stated. I have learned from my study of Japanese art history this semester that simplicity seems to be a common theme in many of the artworks produced throughout Japan’s rich history. Of course, this is not always the case; there are plenty of works that are colorful and loud. Use of color, in fact, seems to be an appreciated value in much of the art I have seen. However, there seems to a simplistic nature in even the most complex of Japanese artwork. This minimalism appears to be an appreciated Japanese aesthetic. Two works of Japanese art stood out to me this semester, precisely for their minimalistic nature: Pine Trees by Hasegawa Tohaku from the late 16th century Momoyama period, and a Shoki-Imari sake bottle from the 17th century Edo period. While there are many differences between these two works, they appear to complement each other. Each of these works has a rich history behind its creation and they both convey a sense of complex simplicity. Before diving into the two works of art presented in this essay, a brief overview of the periods that spawned these artworks is necessary; specifically the relationship of the Momoyama and Edo periods with painting and ceramics, respectively. 1. Momoyama Background Artistically, the Momoyama period (1568-1615) was the most important half-century period in the history of Japan (Swann 211). Momoyama means â€Å"Peach Blossom Hill,† and the period drew its name from the flowering peach trees, over-looked by the great Fushimi Castle, which was frequented by the local residents of the prefecture (Hickman 19). Hickman states, â€Å"[The term, Momoyama] seems appropriate†¦ for the vision of a brilliant cloud of evanescent peach blossoms serves well as an evocative visual metaphor for the period, a ‘golden age’ of short duration but memorable accomplishments,† (19). The period was fraught with intense warfare between clans, and the emperor remained powerless, but the Momoyama laid the foundation for a modern Japan that would experience over two hundred and fifty years of peace in the Edo period. Momoyama’s art was defined by color and movement that took the place of previously used monochrome and stillness (Swann 215). Artists suddenly felt free of restraint and were free to breath new life into old themes and form original interpretations (215). Color, gold and silver were frequently used in art. The Kano school style of painting gained prominence. Folding screens, covered in paper with bold paintings, became increasingly popular. â€Å"Perhaps [The Momoyama’s] most important product is among the most conspicuously decorative works ever produced†¦ a movable and flexible wall of dubious utilitarian value, but perhaps the most significant creation of the Japanese decorative style,† (qtd. Swann 216). The large area of the folding screen lent itself to broad, sweeping brushstrokes and immense designs. The Momoyama period attempted to bring nature into the household. 2. Hasegawa Tohaku Hasegawa Tohaku (1539-1610) was born in Nanao in the province of Noto (Tazawa 83). He was a painter of the Momoyama period who was able to paint in both Chinese and Japanese styles (Swann 219). Before he took the name Tohaku, he went by the name Shinshun and mainly produced portraits and Buddhist paintings (Tazawa 83). Hasegawa Tohaku was highly skilled and studied the works of Sesshu, Shubun, Kanga, the Kano school and Song and Yuan Chinese dynasty painters (83). Much of his work represented the style of the Momoyama period – flowering trees, flowers, and bright colors. However, his most famous paintings, like Pine Trees differ greatly from the typical Momoyama style (Seiroku 107). . Edo Background The Edo period (1615-1868) is distinguished by the long rule of the Tokugawa clan and an era of political stability. The period is called Edo since the capital was moved from Kyoto to the small village of Edo, which later became Tokyo. Two important developments influenced the subsequent artistic developments of the Edo period. First, in the Edo period Japan beca me completely isolated from the rest of the world by closing its borders to foreigners (with a small exception to some Dutch and Chinese near Nagasaki) and prohibiting foreign travel (Swann 239). Since the Chinese had historically influenced the Japanese, artists were now able to move towards the rejection and free adaptation of Chinese influences (Watson 260). The closed borders also removed the Western and Christian influences which had been slowly filtering in through the Dutch. As feudalism declined in the West in favor of the creation of parliamentary systems, Japan feverishly worked to pursue, â€Å"pleasure and extravagance which is most vividly reflected in the arts,† (Swann 240). The pursuit of the arts gave way to the second major Edo development the rise of the merchant class, which affected the artistic patronage and ushered in the Edo artists. New patrons allowed art to flourish in the Edo period. The new city of Edo helped create this new class of merchants that were able to supply not only the samurai, but themselves as well. This opened new and wider markets for the creations of artists and craftsmen (Swann 243). 4. Shoki-Imari ware One of the greatest influences to Japanese ceramics was Hideyoshi Toyotomi’s invasion of Korea at the end of the Momoyama period (Watson 260). The Japanese still wanted to produce ceramics that represented the greater Asiatic cultures, so the returning Japanese armies brought back Korean potters (Sanders 44). This led to a tremendous advance in ceramics of the early 17th century, allowing for the proliferation of porcelain (Watson 260). There were several innovations of porcelain throughout the Edo period, but for the purpose of this paper, only the Shoki-Imari ware will be discussed. Arita became a town in the Saga prefecture of Japan known for porcelain production after a discovery by a Korean potter in the early 17th century (Sanders 44). The earliest porcelains, called Shoki-Imari, were made out of a poor quality clay, with a high iron content (Watson 261). These Shoki-Imari were typically decorated with an underglaze of cobalt oxide, which had a bluish tinge. The decorations were often flowers or landscape of Korean influence (261). However, the Japanese still envied the enameled porcelain of the Chinese Ming Dynasty and finally by the mid 17th century the Arita potters learned how to use an overglaze to produce that effect. Both the underglaze and the overglaze porcelains were able to proliferate to Europe through the very limited trade with the Dutch. . Pine Trees and the Shiko Imari sake bottle The first thing one notices about Hasegawa Tohaku’s screen painting, Pine Trees, is that the entire painting is monochromatic and you can easily see how little of the canvas is used. There is more space than ink, or in terms of the environment, more mist than trees. This presents a sense of openness, almost an empti ness in the painting. According to Tazawa, â€Å"In no other work, perhaps, has the poetic quality inherent in Japanese style ink painting been so successfully realized,† (84). The same sort of feeling of Pine Trees is immediately seen in the Shoki-Imari sake bottle. The sake bottle is also monochromatic and the porcelain gleams all around the sparseness of the landscape presented. It has the same sort of emptiness as Pine Trees. This emptiness is interesting in the sake bottle because the use of the open space makes the bottle seem empty inside. Both pieces of art are similar in the sense that they present a landscape, which is a common Japanese aesthetic, especially of those time periods. The artist of the Shoki-Imari bottle is unknown, but it is clear that he was familiar with the environment he was painting. Both pieces of art make the viewer feel they are inside the painted scene, even if one piece is small and the other is large. Both works create environments that are simple and direct in their reference to an ageless Japanese reality (Seiroku 107). One element the sake bottle presents that Pine Trees does not is the bottle uses a man-made element it its scene; the sake bottle has a pagoda painted on it. This element causes the viewer to feel as if man had been inside the portrayed environment where Pine Trees does not. Pine Trees leaves the viewer feeling that no one had ever been inside the forest. The use of the mist helps enforce this feeling. It gives it a haunted, untouchable feel. The sake bottle landscape makes the artwork feel approachable. Another difference is that the techniques used in Pine Trees are distinctly Chinese. The techniques used in the creation of the Shoki-Imari Sake bottle were Korean. However, since the Japanese wanted to create ceramics in the manner of the Chinese, the underglaze was painted on in a Chinese style. This specific Shoki-Imari piece however, was not part of the first Shoki-Imari created, since it was formed sometime between 1650 and 1660 (Watson 267). It is in the style of the first porcelains exported by the Dutch, but was created later for the international market; Arita had already ceased production on poorer quality Shoki-Imari ceramics (267). Since the Japanese had already mastered overglaze technique by this time, this bottle was made purposefully with underglaze. The blue and white design was an aesthetic of the Chinese the Japanese were trying to master and created this vase to replicate earlier Chinese models (267). The painting styles of the two pieces of artwork are similar and different. In Hasegawa Tohaku’s Pine Trees, the ink was skillfully applied with â€Å"varying degrees of thickness to create the effect of pine trees partly hidden in mist, the work as a whole giving a strong sense of economy, vividness, and clarity of conception,† (Tazawa 84). Some of the ink of the trees is so dark that some individual branches are indistinguishable, yet they seem closer and more clear than those painted lightly. In some parts of the painting, there is nothing painted at all, but it is still clear that the forms of the trees are still there, even if only implied. For the most part, the use of hue in Pine Trees is not the same as the Shoki-Imari sake bottle. Some parts of the trees are painted darker than others, but only to give the individual trees added detail. There are some varying hues of the mountains and land in the bottle, but not in the same sense as Pine Trees. The mountains are not painted in detail either; they are only outlines, leaving the inside hollow. The lightest object on the entire bottle is, surprisingly, the man-made pagoda. The lightness of the pagoda assumingly expresses the Japanese respect for a nature. Each piece of artwork has something in common and something different in the way they portray the tree branches. In Pine Trees, Hasegawa Tohaku curves the branches, sloping toward the ground. But at the same time, there is a slight element of the Ma-Yuan Chinese influence on Japanese painting. The trees have a slight angular nature to them. It is not something that is noticed at a mere glance, but upon further study, you can see the implied angular nature of an older style of painting. He clearly studied the style and made it his own. The brushstrokes imply a hidden angularity in the forest. The Shoki-Imari sake bottle does not use any angularity, but it has another interesting element. The two trees in the foreground sit at an angle and curve with the roundness of the bottle. The mountains also protrude into the neck of the bottle. This method of following the lines and curves of the bottle makes the environment seem more real by conforming to the three dimensional object. Another element that the two pieces of art have in common is depth. The Shoki-Imari sake bottle certainly does not use a thickness in the brushstrokes to convey this. It conveys depth by the placement of the objects. The mountains are painted above the tree line with little overlap. A river flows from the base of the mountains to the middle of the bottle where the pagoda is located in the middle of the tree. The tree come up from the ground at an angle and curve to either side so that they have varying heights. The combination of each of these elements puts the trees in the foreground and the mountains in the background, with the pagoda and some vegetation in the middle. This creates a sense of depth, which was a newer element in Japanese art. Each of the brushstrokes on the bottle is deliberate and creates line for the eye to follow. Hasegawa Tohaku’s painting creates depth, if not more so than the bottle, but by using a different technique. The varying levels of ink he applied to the trees and the lack of ink used in the midst creates an intense depth. It is presumable that all of the trees are planted at the same relative level, but by having the darker trees at varying heights and painting the other trees at varying hues, he created an incredible amount of depth on a flat surface. He created a forest from a row of trees. 6. Conclusion The Shoki-Imari sake bottle and Hasegawa Tohaku’s Pine Trees are obviously very different pieces of art. Pine Trees is ink, black and white, large, on a folding screen and from the Momoyama period. The Shoki-Imari sake bottle is porcelain, underglazed, small, blue and white and from the Edo period. They were created roughly fifty years apart. However, they both express a minimalism that reflects an essence of Japanese aesthetic. Both pieces of art say more with what is understated. They are simple pieces; but the history behind these works and the processes involved are incredibly complex. I find both them both incredibly powerful, peaceful and refreshing.

Emily Dickinson and Her Poetry Essay -- Poem Dickinson Poetry Biograph

Emily Dickinson and Her Poetry Emily Dickinson is one of the great visionary poets of nineteenth century America. In her lifetime, she composed more poems than most modern Americans will even read in their lifetimes. Dickinson is still praised today, and she continues to be taught in schools, read for pleasure, and studied for research and criticism. Since she stayed inside her house for most of her life, and many of her poems were not discovered until after her death, Dickinson was uninvolved in the publication process of her poetry. This means that every Dickinson poem in print today is just a guess—an assumption of what the author wanted on the page. As a result, Dickinson maintains an aura of mystery as a writer. However, this mystery is often overshadowed by a more prevalent notion of Dickinson as an eccentric recluse or a madwoman. Of course, it is difficult to give one label to Dickinson and expect that label to summarize her entire life. Certainly she was a complex woman who could not accurately be described with one sentence or phrase. Her poems are unique and quite interestingly composed—just looking at them on the page is pleasurable—and it may very well prove useful to examine the author when reading her poems. Understanding Dickinson may lead to a better interpretation of the poems, a better appreciation of her life’s work. What is not useful, however, is reading her poems while looking back at the one sentence summary of Dickinson’s life. The notion of the author has often been disputed when it comes to critical literary studies. The argument centers around one basic question: Should the author be considered when looking at a text? There are numerous reasons given as to why the author is important or why the ... .... Rutgers University Libraries. 19 Apr. 2005 . Keller, Lynn. â€Å"An Interview with Susan Howe.† Contemporary Literature 36.1 (1995): 1 34. Oates, Joyce Carol, ed. The Essential Dickinson. New York: Harper Collins, 1996. Winhusen, Steven. â€Å"Emily Dickinson and Schizotypy.† The Emily Dickinson Journal 13.1 (2004): 77-96. Works Consulted Green, Fiona. â€Å"Plainly on the Other Side: Susan Howe’s Recovery.† Contemporary Literature 42.1 (2001): 78-101. Ickstadt, Heinz. â€Å"Emily Dickinson’s Place in Literary History; or, the Public Function of a Private Poet.† The Emily Dickinson Journal 10.1 (2001): 55-68. Ma, Ming-Qian. â€Å"Poetry as History Revised: Susan Howe’s ‘Scattering as Behavior Toward Risk.’† American Literary History 6.4 (1994): 716-37. Miller, Cristanne. â€Å"Whose Dickinson?† American Literary History 12.1 (2000): 230-53.

Arduino

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECH. (EE 306) Arduino Research Date: 2013/2/16 INTRODUCTION In this brief report we will discuss a family of electronic boards called Arduino. At the beginning we shall provide an overview of the Arduino boards and what they are. After that we will tackle the board’s component and how the board works. Finally an example of one of the applications will be shown. WHAT IS AN ARDUINO? An Arduino board is simply a microcontroller board. The board is designed with the purpose of facilitating the use of electronics in projects. The use of the board was intentionally made easy so that anyone can use it.The board comes with a software called the Arduino Integrated Development Environment. The software is used to program the Arduino board to do the required operations. An Arduino board receives inputs from different sensors and responds by controlling different types of actuators. It is also worth-mentioning that the board and its software are open-source. It mea ns that anyone can do anything with the board and its software. This nature has made the Arduino boards very popular among users because everyone can innovate with the board and share their innovations.However, this nature has also allowed clones with inferior qualities to be sold under the Arduino name. COMPONENTS There are many types of Arduino boards. Some components vary from type to type, but a simple Arduino board that can be built at home have the following components: 1- An Atmel Microcontroller. 2- LEDs. 3- Resistors. 4- Capacitors. 5- Clock Crystal. 6- Switch 7- Voltage regulator. 8- Connection pins. 9- Diode. 10- Transistors. An Arduino board’s capabilities can be extended by the use of shields. Arduino shields are boards that can be mounted on the Arduino board to perform different tasks.For example the Xbee shield allows multiple Arduino boards to communicate wirelessly, the motor shield allows the Arduino board to control a DC motor. 2|P a ge HOW IT WORKS In gen eral, a code is put in the memory of the board and then processed in the microcontroller. This code interacts with inputs and outputs. Inputs can be signals coming from sensors (light, voice, heat, etc. ) or results from another processed task. After processing the inputs in the microcontroller and applying the codes from the memory, the result comes in an output form (alarm, light, etc. ).Codes are written in the memory by connecting the Arduino board to a computer. Connecting the Arduino board requires the use of an ICSP header or a USB cable such as the one found in the newer versions e. g. Arduino UNO (see figure 1). An Arduino board can be powered from a USB cable, an ACDC adapter or a battery by connecting it in the Gnd and Vin pins. Figure 1: Connect Arduino by USB EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION Blinking LED In this example, we will use the Arduino board like a timer to turn a LED on for 1 second and off for another second. 3|P a ge To do this function see the code below; / Example B linking LED const int LED = 13; void setup () { pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); delay(1000); digitalWrite(LED, LOW); delay(1000); } The First line written after // is a comment that does not affect the program. In the second line, we define the constant attached to pin 13 as LED. After attaching the LED to the pin, we decide whether the LED should be an input or an output, in this case, we chose output. Next, we write the processing code, (digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);) this means to provide voltage to the LED, (delay(1000);) means waiting 1000ms ? s, (digitalWrite(LED, LOW);) means cutting off the voltage, (delay(1000);) the same process, which is waiting 1s. This code will be repeated in a loop. CONCLUSION An Arduino board can be a great starting point for anyone interested in microcontrollers. The board is easy to use and has a wide variety of applications. There are many tutorials available in the world web for the board due to its popularity. Although the board has many advantages, it still has its own limitations. REFERENCE [1] Arduino site, (http://arduino. cc/en/) [2] Simply Arduino, Eng. Abdullah Ali Abdullah, (http://simplyarduino. com/? page_id=5) 4|P a ge

A Rose For Emily Literary Analysis - 975 Words

In the short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† William Faulkner uses a modernistic style of writing combined with Southern Gothic themes to show how strange or â€Å"perverse† of a character Emily Grierson is. The story is split into five parts which all take place throughout Emily’s life. These five parts are not in chronological order. Not until the story is looked at in chronological order will the reader understand the full personality and life of Emily Grierson. The first and last thing the reader sees is â€Å"When Miss Emily Grierson died.† (Line 1) By giving an image of death in the first line of the story William Faulkner was able to set the tone of the horrifying story early on, and this horrifying Southern Gothic tone is present throughout the†¦show more content†¦Part three begins with the line â€Å"She was sick for a long time.† This sickness represents all the years that her father had blocked men from coming into Emily’ s life. Now that the sickness has passed, Emily was preparing for the sweetheart we saw in part two. This sweetheart ends up being Homer Barron. When Homer is brought into Miss Emily’s life the town finally sees her as a lady. Later in part three, between lines 200 and 210, the people of the town mention how poor Emily is saying, â€Å"Do you suppose it is really so?† By leaving the readers in the dark, William Faulkner is foreshadowing the murder of Homer Barron. In part four everyone thinks that â€Å"She will kill herself.† (Lines 241-242) This is because of her actions in part three when she bought rat poison without a good reason for why she was buying it. We’re then told that she had he â€Å"head held high.† This line goes back to Mr. Grierson and how the Griersons are too good for the average person. Emily didn’t like that fact that Homer left her because he was into men, the egotistical personality which she got from her father is w hat led her to her actions in part five. The readers were misled by lines 263-264 when the townspeople assume â€Å"that they were to be married.† This along with the assumption that Emily would kill herself gives the reader a false lead on whats to come in part five. At the beginning of partShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis of â€Å"a Rose for Emily†1277 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of â€Å"A Rose For Emily† The short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, by William Faulkner, is told by an unnamed narrator and broken into five sections. The story is not chronological, but completely out of order, adding mystery and climax. The first section begins with the death of the main character, Emily Grierson, and relates the thoughts and actions of the small Southern U.S. town. A flawed relationship between the town and Miss Emily is seen throughout the story. 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William Faulkner packs the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† with different types of literary devices that describes the fight against change in the post-U.S. Civil War South. Faulkner’s story takes place in the Southern town of Jefferson Mississippi in the late 1800’s, early 1900’s. The symbolism of the primary characters (Emily Grierson, her father and the Grierson estate) chronicles how difficult change is in Jefferson. Assuming a darkRead MoreEssay A Rose for Emily: Literary Analysis 2990 Words   |  4 PagesENG 102 Analysis Research Paper 09-25-10 Literary Analysis William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† carries a theme represented by a dying breed of that era, while using symbolism to represent tragedy, loneliness and some form of pride, the story also shows how far one will go to have the approval of others and the pursuit of happiness. In today’s times, a person’s image could mean everything in life and almost everyone tries to fit into the main stream in some form at some pointRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour And A Rose For Emily Literary Analysis1297 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopins The Story of an Hour and William Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily tells the story of women who face isolation and struggle with their own terms of freedom upon the death of a male figure in their life. Louise and Emily come from different time periods, backgrounds, and have different experiences, yet both share commonality in that they have let themselves be affected by the unrealistic expectations placed on them as traditional ladies. Both of these characters are commonly misconstruedRead MoreA Rose for Emily889 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis for â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Sometimes a Rose is Not a Rose: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner, the negative impact of Emily’s upbringing by an overprotective father, leads to incredible pattern in her life and the obvious mental illness that takes over as she not so graciously ages. While written in five sections, the first and last section is written in present time, and the three middle sectionsRead MoreA Tale of Terror 1087 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† a short story about the odd Emily Grierson, a once well-respected woman in a small southern town, takes readers into a whirlwind of a story leading up to a horrifying discovery about Miss Emily’s secretive demeanor. Through his characterization of Miss Emily, his descriptions of the setting, and his use of foreshadowing, Faulkner effectively develops â€Å"A Rose for Emily† into a horrific tale. The first way that Faulkner organizes â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is in his characterizationRead MoreThe Mystery of the Rose and the Narrator in A Rose for Emily by Faulkner1182 Words   |  5 PagesWhile one of the most traditional interpretations of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is the variety of meanings for the â€Å"rose† presented in the title and how the â€Å"rose† fits in with the story. Laura Getty states in her article many varied perspectives that many could ponder when identifying what the â€Å"rose† stands for. She states many possible theories that depict what the â€Å"rose† means, including theories of other writers that help support her own theory and also that adds another way that most might not consider